1993 PFC CSKA Moscow season

CSKA
1993 season
ManagerGennadi Kostylev
Boris Kopeikin
StadiumDynamo Stadium
Grigory Fedotov Stadium
Luzhniki Stadium
Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Top League10th
Russian CupRunners-Up
Russian CupContinued in 1994
UEFA Champions LeagueGroup Stage
Top goalscorerLeague: Two Players (8)
All: Ilshat Faizulin (10)
← 1992
1994 →

The 1993 CSKA season was the club's second season in the newly formed Russian Top League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.

Squad

As of match played 10 November 1993
Name Nationality Position Date of birth (Age) Signed from Signed in Contract ends Apps. Goals
Goalkeepers
Aleksandr Guteyev GK (1967-06-18)18 June 1967 (aged 26) Torpedo Moscow 1988 19 0
Andrei Novosadov GK (1972-03-27)27 March 1972 (aged 21) KAMAZ 1993 0 0
Yevgeni Plotnikov GK (1972-09-06)6 September 1972 (aged 21) Kuban Krasnodar 1993 30 0
Defenders
Yervand Krbachyan DF (1971-10-01)1 October 1971 (aged 22) Ararat Yerevan 1993 13 0
Yevgeni Bushmanov DF (1971-11-02)2 November 1971 (aged 22) Spartak Moscow 1992 51 2
Dmitri Bystrov DF (1967-07-30)30 July 1967 (aged 26) Lokomotiv Moscow 1986 32 1
Aleksei Guschin DF (1971-10-21)21 October 1971 (aged 22) Trainee 1989 63 1
Mikhail Kupriyanov DF (1973-07-07)7 July 1973 (aged 20) SKA Rostov-on-Don 1993 10 0
Sergei Mamchur DF (1972-02-03)3 February 1972 (aged 21) Asmaral Moscow 1993 33 0
Valeri Minko DF (1971-08-08)8 August 1971 (aged 22) Dynamo Barnaul 1989 56 6
Midfielders
Yuri Antonovich MF (1967-06-02)2 June 1967 (aged 26) Dinamo Minsk 1993 40 3
Aleksandr Grishin MF (1971-11-18)18 November 1971 (aged 21) Lokomotiv Moscow 1989 55 21
Vasili Ivanov MF (1970-03-21)21 March 1970 (aged 23) Zenit St.Petersburg 1990 56 5
Dmitri Karsakov MF (1971-12-29)29 December 1971 (aged 21) KAMAZ 1992 60 9
Dmitri Khokhlov MF (1975-12-22)22 December 1975 (aged 17) Trainee 1992 2 0
Mikhail Kolesnikov MF (1966-09-08)8 September 1966 (aged 27) Trainee 1992 19 1
Denis Mashkarin MF (1973-05-17)17 May 1973 (aged 20) Zenit St.Petersburg 1992 66 6
Vladislav Radimov MF (1975-11-26)26 November 1975 (aged 17) Smena-Saturn Saint Petersburg 1992 4 1
Vladimir Semyonov MF (1972-06-25)25 June 1972 (aged 21) Zarya Leninsk-Kuznetsky 1993 3 0
Dmitri Shoukov MF (1975-09-26)26 September 1975 (aged 18) Trainee 1993 9 1
Valeri Broshin MF (1962-10-19)19 October 1962 (aged 31) CD Badajoz 1993 6 2
Yuriy Dudnyk MF (1968-09-26)26 September 1968 (aged 25) Metalurh Zaporizhya 1993 21 2
Forwards
Ilshat Faizulin FW (1973-03-05)5 March 1973 (aged 20) Trainee 1989 72 17
Leonid Markevich FW (1973-08-15)15 August 1973 (aged 20) Trainee 1990 4 0
Valeri Masalitin FW (1966-09-27)27 September 1966 (aged 27) Sigma Olomouc 1993 22 4
Vyacheslav Melnikov FW (1975-03-12)12 March 1975 (aged 18) Chernomorets Novorossiysk 1992 0 0
Roman Oreshchuk FW (1975-09-02)2 September 1975 (aged 18) Chernomorets Novorossiysk 1993 4 1
Oleg Sergeyev FW (1968-03-29)29 March 1968 (aged 25) Rotor Volgograd 1989 63 18
Left During the Season
Sergei Kolotovkin DF (1965-09-28)28 September 1965 (aged 28) Zenit-D St. Petersburg 1987 47 0
Oleg Malyukov DF (1965-10-30)30 October 1965 (aged 28) CSKA Pamir Dushanbe 1986 43 0
Sergei Krutov MF (1969-04-18)18 April 1969 (aged 24) Vitesse Arnhem 1992 17 3

Transfers

Competitions

Top League

Results by round

Round12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334
GroundHAAHHAAAHHAAHHAAHHAAHAHHAAHHAAHHHA
ResultWLLWDLDLWDLLWWLLWWLLWLLWLLWDWWLDDL
Updated to match(es) played on 10 November 1993. Source: See Results
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Results

8 March 1993 1 CSKA Moscow 4 – 0 Krylia Sovetov Moscow
MSK (UTC+3) Antonovich 19'
Krutov 29'
Bystrov  43'
Ivanov 53', 62'
Malyukov  54'
Report Stadium: Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Referee: Miloserdov
21 March 1993 2 Rotor Volgograd 3 – 0 CSKA Moscow Volgograd
MSK (UTC+3) Veretennikov 10', 49'
Tsarenko 73'
Report Kolotovkin  61'
Dudnyk  78'
Stadium: Central Stadium
Referee: Taras Bezubyak
24 March 1993 3 Torpedo Moscow 2 – 1 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+3) Chugainov 64'
Ulyanov 80'
Report Faizulin 16'
Mamchur  62'
Stadium: Eduard Streltsov Stadium
Referee: V.Ovchinnikov
27 March 1993 4 CSKA Moscow 3 – 1 Luch Vladivostok Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Faizulin 11'
Krutov 29'
Karsakov 44'
Report Goncharenko 47' Stadium: Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Referee: A.Savkin
31 March 1993 5 CSKA Moscow 0 – 0 Okean Nakhodka Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Karsakov  13'
Malyukov  34'
Ivanov  44'
Mamchur  66'
Report Poddubskiy  40'
Grytsan  53'
Averyanov  69'
Mamchur  66'
Stadium: Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Referee: Nikolai Levnikov
17 April 1993 6 Lokomotiv Moscow 2 – 0 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Mukhamadiev 7'
Podpaly 56' (pen.)
Drozdov  63'
Report Stadium: Lokomotiv Stadium
Referee: Y.Savchenko
2 May 1993 7 Dynamo Stavropol 1 – 1 CSKA Moscow Stavropol
MSK (UTC+4) Korneyev  20' 74' (pen.) Report Sergeyev 65' 68' Stadium: Dynamo Stadium
Referee: V.Denisov
6 May 1993 8 Rostselmash 1 – 0 CSKA Moscow Rostov-on-Don
18:00 MSK (UTC+4) Styopushkin 34' (pen.)
Posylayev  68'
Report Malyukov  13'
Bushmanov  27'
Karsakov  57'
Kolotovkin  62'
Stadium: Olimp-2
Referee: N.Yegorov
13 May 1993 9 CSKA Moscow 4 – 0 Spartak Vladikavkaz Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Antonovich 12' (pen.)
Sergeyev 39'
Grishin 73'
Radimov 84'
Report Isayev  8' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: I.Siner
17 May 1993 10 CSKA Moscow 1 – 1 Zhemchuzhina-Sochi Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Faizulin 32'
Malyukov  43'
Report Pocheptsov  11'
Gogrichiani 58'
Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: V.Yarygin
5 June 1993 11 Uralmash 1 – 0 CSKA Moscow Yekaterinburg
18:30 MSK (UTC+4) Perednya 3'
Safin  76'
Report Kolotovkin  62' Stadium: Uralmash Stadium
Referee: Rumyantsev
9 June 1993 12 KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny 1 – 0 CSKA Moscow Naberezhnye Chelny
19:00 MSK (UTC+4) Sinyov  54'
Panchenko 64'
Report Bushmanov  11'
Guschin  87'
Stadium: KAMAZ Stadium
Referee: Yuri Chebotaryov
17 June 1993 13 CSKA Moscow 1 – 0 Asmaral Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Minko 74' (pen.)
Sergeyev  77'
Report Safronov  57' Stadium: Dynamo Stadium
Referee: Sergei Anokhin
20 June 1993 14 CSKA Moscow 3 – 0 Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Faizulin 17', 55'
Krbachyan  81'
Oreshchuk 88'
Report Rydny  75' Stadium: Dynamo Stadium
Referee: Taras Bezubyak
27 June 1993 15 Spartak Moscow 6 – 0 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Lediakhov 15', 55', 90'
V.Beschastnykh 50'
Pyatnitsky 64'
Karpin 86'
Report Krbachyan  43' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: Yuriy Hlopotnov
1 July 1993 16 Dynamo Moscow 2 – 1 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Derkach 2' 85'
Dobrovolski 60' (pen.)
Timofeev  61'
Report Dudnyk 32' (pen.)
Guschin  36'
Stadium: Dynamo Stadium
Referee: Valeri Butenko
10 July 1993 17 CSKA Moscow 2 – 0 Rotor Volgograd Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Karsakov 12'
Faizulin 65'
Report Kuznetsov  58' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: A.Savkin
13 July 1993 18 CSKA Moscow 3 – 0 Tekstilshchik Kamyshin Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Grishin 14'
Sergeyev 31'
Faizulin 36'
Report Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: A.Markelov
18 July 1993 19 Okean Nakhodka 1 – 0 CSKA Moscow Nakhodka
11:00 MSK (UTC+4) Rakhmanov 14' Report Stadium: Vodnik Stadium
Referee: G.Kulichenko
22 July 1993 20 Luch Vladivostok 2 – 1 CSKA Moscow Vladivostok
12:00 MSK (UTC+4) Ruslyakov 83'
Prilous 85'
Report Sergeyev 25' Stadium: Dynamo Stadium
Referee: N.Miloserdov
8 August 1993 21 CSKA Moscow 3 – 1 Lokomotiv Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Masalitin 27'
Grishin 50'
Sergeyev 72'
Report Veselov 56' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: Sergei Khusainov
12 August 1993 22 Tekstilshchik Kamyshin 3 – 0 CSKA Moscow Kamyshin
19:00 MSK (UTC+4) Natalushko 59' (pen.), 74' (pen.), 89'
Elyshev  65'
Report Masalitin  42' Stadium: Tekstilshchik Stadium
Referee: B.Gavrin
27 August 1993 23 CSKA Moscow 2 – 3 Rostselmash Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Shoukov 80'
Minko 86' (pen.)
Report Sanko 24'
Andreyev 58', 70'
Stadium: Grigory Fedotov Stadium
Referee: Nikolai Levnikov
1 September 1993 24 CSKA Moscow 2 – 0 Dynamo Stavropol Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Antonovich 12'
Ivanov  34'
Sergeyev 90'
Report Shestakov  71' Stadium: Grigory Fedotov Stadium
Referee: I.Siner
11 September 1993 25 Spartak Vladikavkaz 2 – 0 CSKA Moscow Vladikavkaz
17:00 MSK (UTC+4) Dzhioyev 21', 73' 27' Report Dudnyk  27' Stadium: Republican Spartak Stadium
Referee: Yuri Chebotaryov
19 September 1993 26 Zhemchuzhina-Sochi 1 – 0 CSKA Moscow Sochi
18:00 MSK (UTC+4) Chekunov  44'
Bogatyryov 54'
Report Mashkarin  45' Stadium: Sochi Central Stadium
Referee: G.Kulichenko
25 September 1993 27 CSKA Moscow 2 – 1 Uralmash Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Minko 8' (pen.), 28'
Antonovich  48'
Report Safin  31'
Sosnitskiy 58'
Bluzhin  71'
Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: V.Yarygin
2 October 1993 28 CSKA Moscow 1 – 1 KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny Moscow
18:00 MSK (UTC+4) Sergeyev 74' Report Panchenko 12' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: Taras Bezubyak
11 October 1993 29 Asmaral Moscow 1 – 2 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Panfyorov 50' Report Broshin 19'
Minko 58' (pen.)
Guschin  82'
Stadium: Grigory Fedotov Stadium
Referee: A.Kirillov
16 October 1993 30 Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod 1 – 4 CSKA Moscow Nizhny Novgorod
MSK (UTC+4) Kurayev 63' (pen.) Report Minko 17'
Sergeyev 33'
Karsakov 46'
Faizulin 47'
Stadium: Lokomotiv Stadium
Referee: A.Markelov
24 October 1993 31 CSKA Moscow 0 – 3 Spartak Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Ivanov  89' Report Cherenkov 38'
Nikiforov  65'
Pisarev 66'
Ananko  71'
Onopko 84'
Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: Sergei Anokhin
30 October 1993 32 CSKA Moscow 1 – 1 Dynamo Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+3) Mashkarin 62' Report Dobrovolski 55' Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Referee: Valentin Ivanov
7 November 1993 33 CSKA Moscow 1 – 1 Torpedo Moscow Moscow
18:00 MSK (UTC+3) Broshin 16'
Mamchur  87'
Report Grishin 36'
Kalaychev  79'
Stadium: Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Referee: Sergei Khusainov
10 November 1993 34 Krylia Sovetov 2 – 0 CSKA Moscow Samara
MSK (UTC+3) Delov 25'
Avalyan 31'
Report Stadium: Metallurg Stadium
Referee: Rumyantsev

League table

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
8 Uralmash Yekaterinburg 34 16 4 14 51 52 −1 36
9 KAMAZ Naberezhnye Chelny 34 12 6 16 45 53 −8 30
10 CSKA Moscow 34 12 6 16 43 45 −2 30 Qualification to Cup Winners' Cup first round
11 Lokomotiv N.N. 34 12 6 16 34 49 −15 30
12 Dynamo Stavropol 34 11 8 15 39 49 −10 30
Source: rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

Russian Cup

1992-93

19 February 1993 Quarterfinal CSKA Moscow 3 – 0 Svetotekhnika Saransk Moscow
MSK (UTC+3) Plotnikov  38'
Karsakov 40'
Bushmanov 59'
Grishin 61' (pen.)
Report Markin  72' Stadium: Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: Gennadi Kulichenkov
27 May 1993 Semifinal CSKA Moscow 1 – 0 Dynamo Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Grishin 2'
Mashkarin  13'
Report Kovtun  24'
Timofeev  73'
Stadium: Luzhniki Stadium
Attendance: 9,500
Referee: Sergei Anokhin
13 June 1993 Final Torpedo Moscow 1 – 1 (a.e.t.)
(5 – 3 p)
CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Savichev 7' Report Faizulin 18' Stadium: Torpedo Stadium
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Sergei Khusainov
Penalties
Afanasyev
Novgorodov
Pazyomov
Arefyev
Ulyanov
Antonovich
Dudnyk
Minko
Mamchur

1993-94

5 July 1993 Round of 32 Baltika Kaliningrad 0 – 1 CSKA Moscow Kaliningrad
19:00 MSK (UTC+4) Report Dudnyk 36' Stadium: Baltika Stadium
Attendance: 17,000
Referee: Sergey Lapochkin
1 August 1993 Round of 16 Presnya Moscow 1 – 2 CSKA Moscow Moscow
MSK (UTC+4) Panfyorov 72' Report Sergeyev  23'
Mashkarin 65'
Grishin 84' 88'
Stadium: Krasnaya Presnya Stadium
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: Vyacheslav Sorokin

The Quarterfinal took place during the 1994 season.

UEFA Champions League

Group stage

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification MAR RAN BRU CSKA
1 Marseille 6 3 3 0 14 4 +10 9 Advance to final 1–1 3–0 6–0
2 Rangers 6 2 4 0 7 5 +2 8 2–2 2–1 0–0
3 Club Brugge 6 2 1 3 5 8 −3 5 0–1 1–1 1–0
4 CSKA Moscow 6 0 2 4 2 11 −9 2 1–1 0–1 1–2
Source: UEFA
3 March 1993 3 CSKA Moscow 1 – 1 Marseille Berlin, Germany
22:30 MSK (UTC+3) Mamchur  14'
Ivanov  36'
Faizulin 55'
Report Pelé 27' Stadium: Olympiastadion
Attendance: 20,000
Referee: Fabio Baldas (Italy)
17 March 1993 4 Marseille 6 – 0 CSKA Moscow Marseille, France
22:30 MSK (UTC+3) Sauzée 4' (pen.), 34', 48'
Pelé 42'
Ferreri 70'
Desailly 78'
Report Stadium: Stade Vélodrome
Attendance: 40,000
Referee: Serge Muhmenthaler (Switzerland)
7 April 1993 5 CSKA Moscow 1 – 2 Club Brugge Berlin, Germany
22:30 MSK (UTC+4) Sergeyev 18' Report Schaessens 43'
Van Der Heyden  69'
Verheyen 83'
Stadium: Olympiastadion
Attendance: 2,500
Referee: Angelo Amendolia (Italy)
21 April 1993 6 Rangers 0 – 0 CSKA Moscow Glasgow, Scotland
22:30 MSK (UTC+4) [1] Minko  50'
Antonovich  76'
Stadium: Ibrox Stadium
Attendance: 43,142
Referee: Peter Mikkelsen (Denmark)

Squad statistics

As of match played 10 November 1993

Appearances and goals

No. Pos Nat Player Total Top League 1992–93 Russian Cup 1993–94 Russian Cup Champions League
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
GK  RUS Aleksandr Guteyev 13 0 10 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
GK  RUS Yevgeni Plotnikov 30 0 24 0 3 0 0 0 3 0
DF  ARM Yervand Krbachyan 13 0 8+3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
DF  RUS Yevgeni Bushmanov 37 1 30 0 1+1 1 1 0 4 0
DF  RUS Dmitri Bystrov 6 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0
DF  RUS Aleksei Guschin 33 1 26+1 0 3 1 1 0 2 0
DF  RUS Mikhail Kupriyanov 10 0 5+4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
DF  RUS Sergei Mamchur 33 0 18+8 0 3 0 0 0 3+1 0
DF  RUS Valeri Minko 32 6 22+4 6 1+1 0 0 0 4 0
MF  BLR Yuri Antonovich 40 3 29+3 3 3 0 1 0 3+1 0
MF  RUS Aleksandr Grishin 28 6 18+6 3 1 2 1+1 1 0+1 0
MF  RUS Vasili Ivanov 28 2 15+9 2 1+1 0 0 0 2 0
MF  RUS Dmitri Karsakov 39 4 29+2 3 2 1 2 0 2+2 0
MF  RUS Dmitri Khokhlov 2 0 0+1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
MF  RUS Mikhail Kolesnikov 1 0 0 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0
MF  RUS Denis Mashkarin 38 2 30+1 1 2 0 2 1 3 0
MF  RUS Vladislav Radimov 3 1 0+3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
MF  RUS Vladimir Semyonov 3 0 0+2 0 0+1 0 0 0 0 0
MF  RUS Valeri Broshin 6 2 5+1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
MF  UKR Yuriy Dudnyk 21 2 6+9 1 1+2 0 1 1 0+2 0
MF  RUS Dmitri Shoukov 9 1 0+8 1 0 0 0+1 0 0 0
FW  RUS Ilshat Faizulin 41 10 29+3 8 3 1 2 0 4 1
FW  RUS Leonid Markevich 4 0 0+3 0 0 0 0+1 0 0 0
FW  RUS Valeri Masalitin 15 1 3+10 1 0+1 0 1 0 0 0
FW  RUS Roman Oreshchuk 4 1 0+4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
FW  RUS Oleg Sergeyev 39 9 31 8 2 0 2 0 4 1
Players who left CSKA Moscow during the season:
DF  RUS Sergei Kolotovkin 23 0 14+2 0 3 0 1 0 3 0
DF  RUS Oleg Malyukov 23 0 15 0 1+1 0 2 0 4 0
FW  RUS Sergei Krutov 5 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Goal Scorers

Place Position Nation Name Top League 1992–93 Russian Cup 1993–94 Russian Cup Champions League Total
1 FW Ilshat Faizulin 8 1 0 1 10
2 FW Oleg Sergeyev 8 0 0 1 9
3 DF Valeri Minko 6 0 0 0 6
MF Aleksandr Grishin 3 2 1 0 6
5 MF Dmitri Karsakov 3 1 0 0 4
6 MF Yuri Antonovich 3 0 0 0 3
7 FW Sergei Krutov 2 0 0 0 2
MF Vasili Ivanov 2 0 0 0 2
MF Valeri Broshin 2 0 0 0 2
MF Yuriy Dudnyk 1 0 1 0 2
DF Denis Mashkarin 1 0 1 0 2
12 MF Vladislav Radimov 1 0 0 0 1
FW Roman Oreshchuk 1 0 0 0 1
FW Valeri Masalitin 1 0 0 0 1
MF Dmitri Shoukov 1 0 0 0 1
DF Yevgeni Bushmanov 0 1 0 0 1
TOTALS 43 5 2 2 52

Disciplinary record

Nation Position Name Top League 1992–93 Russian Cup 1993–94 Russian Cup Champions League Total
GK Yevgeni Plotnikov 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
DF Yevgeni Bushmanov 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
DF Dmitri Bystrov 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
DF Aleksei Guschin 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
DF Vasili Ivanov 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0
DF Sergei Kolotovkin 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
DF Yervand Krbachyan 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
DF Oleg Malyukov 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
DF Sergei Mamchur 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0
DF Valeri Minko 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
MF Yuri Antonovich 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0
MF Aleksandr Grishin 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
MF Dmitri Karsakov 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
MF Denis Mashkarin 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
MF Yuriy Dudnyk 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
FW Oleg Sergeyev 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0
FW Valeri Masalitin 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
TOTALS 30 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 38 0

References