Athletics at the 2018 Mediterranean Games – Results

Effrosyni Theodorou and Elpida Toka, 400 metres hurdles

These are the official results of the athletics competition at the 2018 Mediterranean Games which took place between 27 and 30 June 2018 in Tarragona, Spain.

Men's results

100 metres

200 metres

400 metres

800 metres

1500 metres

5000 metres

27 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Younès Essalhi  Morocco 13:56.12
Soufiyan Bouqantar  Morocco 13:56.28
Yemaneberhan Crippa  Italy 13:56.53
4 Antonio Abadía  Spain 13:56.74
5 Fernando Carro  Spain 13:57.26
6 Lorenzo Dini  Italy 13:59.25
7 Markos Gkourlias  Greece 13:59.59 PB
8 Jimmy Gressier  France 14:01.13 PB
9 Felix Bour  France 14:02.35
10 Polat Kemboi Arıkan  Turkey 14:03.33
11 Samuel Barata  Portugal 14:14.93
12 Ramazan Özdemir  Turkey 14:18.14
13 Elzan Bibić  Serbia 14:32.05
14 Georgios Michalis Tassis  Greece 14:38.33 PB

Half marathon

30 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Mohamed Reda El Aaraby  Morocco 1:04:03 GR, Yellow card
Eyob Faniel  Italy 1:04:07
Kaan Kigen Özbilen  Turkey 1:04:19
4 Daniele Meucci  Italy 1:04:37 Yellow card
5 Atef Saad  Tunisia 1:04:54
6 Yassine Rachik  Italy 1:05:01
7 Abdenasir Fathi  Morocco 1:05:12 Yellow card
8 Javier Guerra  Spain 1:05:19
9 Benjamin Malaty  France 1:07:13
10 Mohamed Hrezi  Libya 1:07:57
11 Mehdi Frère  France 1:08:32
12 Saffet Elkatmış  Turkey 1:09:00
13 Maamar Bengriba  Algeria 1:09:03
14 Charlton Debono  Malta 1:12:21
15 Konstantinos Gkelaouzos  Greece 1:13:12
Ayad Lamdassem  Spain DNF
Christos Kallias  Greece DNF
Bekir Karayel  Turkey DNF
Farid Terfia  Algeria DQ R240.10
Benjamin Choquert  France DNS

110 metres hurdles

30 June
Wind: -0.6 m/s

Rank Lane Name Nationality Time Notes
3 Lorenzo Perini  Italy 13.49 PB
5 Yidiel Contreras  Spain 13.54
4 Konstantinos Douvalidis  Greece 13.67
4 2 Simon Krauss  France 13.77 SB
5 6 Benjamin Sedecias  France 13.86
6 7 Hassane Fofana  Italy 13.89
7 1 Mohamed Koussi  Morocco 14.45
8 Rami Gharsali  Tunisia DNS

400 metres hurdles

3000 metres steeplechase

27 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Soufiane El Bakkali  Morocco 8:20.97
Amor Ben Yahia  Tunisia 8:26.14
Yohanes Chiappinelli  Italy 8:32.06
4 Eric Peñalver  Spain 8:33.95
5 Abderraouf Boubaker  Tunisia 8:35.66
6 Osama Zoghlami  Italy 8:36.28
7 Hicham Bouchicha  Algeria 8:40.43
8 Daniel Arce  Spain 8:43.67
9 Igor Bougnot  France 8:51.82
10 Aras Kaya  Turkey 8:59.48
11 Nikolas Fragkou  Cyprus 9:09.14
12 Louis Gilavert  France 9:12.44
13 Nikolaos Gkotsis  Greece 9:14.90
Mohamed Tindouft  Morocco DNF
Tarik Langat Akdag  Turkey DNF

4 × 100 metres relay

30 June

Rank Lane Nation Competitors Time Notes
5  Italy Federico Cattaneo, Eseosa Desalu, Davide Manenti, Filippo Tortu 38.49 GR
7  Turkey Emre Zafer Barnes, Jak Ali Harvey, Yiğitcan Hekimoğlu, Ramil Guliyev 38.50
3  Portugal José Pedro Lopes, Diogo Antunes, Ancuiam Lopes, Rafael Jorge 39.28
4 4  Spain Javier Troyano, Ángel David Rodríguez, Daniel Rodríguez, Arián Téllez 39.52
5 6  Greece Efthymios Stergioulis, Ioannis Nyfantopoulos, Panagiotis Trivyzas, Konstantinos Zikos 39.72

4 × 400 metres relay

30 June

Rank Nation Competitors Time Notes
 Italy Giuseppe Leonardi, Michele Tricca, Matteo Galvan, Davide Re 3:03.54
 Spain Lucas Búa, David Jiménez, Mark Ujakpor, Darwin Echeverry 3:04.71
 Algeria Fethi Benchaa, Saber Boukmouche, Mohamed Belbachir, Abdelmalik Lahoulou 3:05.28
4  Turkey Batuhan Altıntaş, Yasmani Copello, Siran Ören, Yavuz Can 3:05.28

High jump

29 June

Rank Name Nationality 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.23 2.26 2.28 2.32 Result Notes
Majd Eddin Ghazal  Syria – – – o o o o xo x 2.28
Konstadinos Baniotis  Greece – – – – xo o – xxx 2.23
Marco Fassinotti  Italy – – – o xo xxo xxx 2.23
4 Vasilios Konstantinou  Cyprus – – o xo o xxx 2.20
5 Simón Siverio  Spain – o o xo xxo – xxx 2.20
6 Eugenio Rossi  San Marino o o o xo xxx 2.15
7 Mickaël Hanany  France – – xxo xxx 2.10
8 Matteo Mosconi  San Marino o o xxx 2.05
Alperen Acet  Turkey DNS
Paulo Conceição  Portugal DNS

Long jump

Qualification – 27 June
Qualifying standard: 7.90 metres

Rank Group Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 Result Notes
1 B Augustin Bey  France 7.48 7.90 7.90 Q
2 A Michail Mertzanidis-Despoteris  Greece x 7.65 7.88 7.88 q, SB
3 B Yahya Berrabah  Morocco 7.85 7.78w – 7.85 q
4 B Héctor Santos  Spain 7.80 x 7.57 7.80 q
5 B İzmir Smajlaj  Albania 7.61 7.77 – 7.77 q
6 A Alper Kulaksız  Turkey 7.53 7.62 7.75 7.75 q, SB
7 B Miguel Marques  Portugal 7.75 – – 7.75 q, PB
8 A Jean Marie Okutu  Spain 7.47 7.61 7.74 7.74 q
9 B Kevin Ojiaku  Italy 7.64 7.55w – 7.64 q
10 B Yasser Mohamed Triki  Algeria x x 7.54 7.54 q
11 A Yann Randrianasolo  France 7.50 7.51 5.46 7.51 q
12 A Mouhcine Khoua  Morocco 7.44 x x 7.44 q
13 A Mohammed Amin Al-Salameh  Syria 7.05 7.43 7.43 7.43 PB
14 B Anastasios Galazoulas  Greece x x 7.36w 7.36w
A Franko Burraj  Albania DNS
A Filippo Randazzo  Italy DNS

Final – 30 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Yahya Berrabah  Morocco 7.71 7.68 x 7.61 8.02 7.60 8.02
Yasser Mohamed Triki  Algeria 7.80 7.86 8.01 x x x 8.01 SB
Yann Randrianasolo  France 7.90 7.74 7.17 7.48 7.84 6.11 7.90
4 Izmir Smajlaj  Albania 7.79 7.85 6.33 x 7.72 x 7.85 SB
5 Alper Kulaksız  Turkey 7.61 7.67 7.52 7.54 7.79 7.73 7.79 SB
6 Jean Marie Okutu  Spain 7.51 7.71 7.62 7.64 7.71 7.78 7.78
7 Kevin Ojiaku  Italy 7.62 7.72 7.76 7.50 x 6.66 7.76
8 Michail Mertzanidis-Despoteris  Greece 7.27 7.60 7.65 7.73 7.47 7.63 7.73
9 Augustin Bey  France 7.50 x 7.50 7.50
10 Héctor Santos  Spain x 7.48 7.27 7.48
11 Mouhcine Khoua  Morocco x x 7.43 7.43
Miguel Marques  Portugal DNS

Shot put

Qualification – 27 June

Rank Group Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 Result Notes
1 A Stipe Žunić  Croatia 19.61 19.64 20.09 20.09 q
2 B Mesud Pezer  Bosnia and Herzegovina x 18.73 20.00 20.00 q
3 A Osman Can Özdeveci  Turkey x 19.45 x 19.45 q
4 A Hamza Alić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19.27 x x 19.27 q
5 B Carlos Tobalina  Spain 18.22 19.21 – 19.21 q
6 A Mohamed Magdi Hamza Khalif  Egypt 19.02 x 18.23 19.02 q
7 B Filip Mihaljević  Croatia 18.14 18.72 x 18.72 q
8 B Leonardo Fabbri  Italy 17.23 18.55 18.34 18.55 q
9 B Mostafa Amr Hassan  Egypt 17.71 18.55 x 18.55 q
10 A Anastasios Latifllari  Greece 17.48 17.95 18.37 18.37 q
11 A Sebastiano Bianchetti  Italy 17.83 17.88 18.10 18.10 q
12 A Francisco Belo  Portugal 17.72 18.00 17.84 18.00 q
13 A Borja Vivas  Spain 17.83 17.98 x 17.98
14 B Blaž Zupančič  Slovenia 17.17 x 17.74 17.74
15 B Willy Vicaut  France 16.74 17.18 17.46 17.46
16 B Kyriakos Zotos  Greece 16.62 16.92 17.16 17.16

Final – 27 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Hamza Alić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19.86 19.73 x x 20.43 19.83 20.43 SB
Stipe Žunić  Croatia x 19.67 20.21 x x 20.20 20.21
Mesud Pezer  Bosnia and Herzegovina 19.70 x 19.61 x 19.46 19.82 19.82
4 Sebastiano Bianchetti  Italy 18.86 19.71 18.74 19.03 x x 19.71 SB
5 Osman Can Özdeveci  Turkey 19.12 19.47 19.44 19.58 19.27 19.56 19.58
6 Filip Mihaljević  Croatia 19.16 x 19.56 x x x 19.56
7 Francisco Belo  Portugal 18.83 19.39 x x x x 19.39 SB
8 Carlos Tobalina  Spain 18.62 19.05 18.41 18.56 19.20 19.28 19.28
9 Anastasios Latifllari  Greece 18.21 x 18.84 18.84
10 Mohamed Magdi Hamza Khalif  Egypt x 18.58 x 18.58
11 Mostafa Amr Hassan  Egypt 17.64 18.35 18.25 18.35
12 Leonardo Fabbri  Italy x x 17.72 17.72

Discus throw

Qualification – 27 June

Rank Group Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 Result Notes
1 A Kristjan Čeh  Slovenia 58.59 58.11 61.98 61.98 q, PB
2 B Giovanni Faloci  Italy 60.12 x 58.67 60.12 q
3 A Apostolos Parellis  Cyprus 57.14 56.91 56.90 57.14 q
4 A Hannes Kirchler  Italy x 54.94 56.83 56.83 q
5 A Georgios Tremos  Greece 53.44 52.39 56.58 56.58 q
6 B Lois Maikel Martínez  Spain '55.92 ' x x 55.92 q
7 A Martin Marković  Croatia 55.62 55.19 55.51 55.62 q
8 A Frank Casañas  Spain 55.39 53.90 x 55.39 q
9 A Jordan Guehaseim  France 52.01 51.12 53.47 53.47 q
10 B Tadej Hribar  Slovenia 52.83 x 53.22 53.22 q
11 B Elbachir Mbarki  Morocco 51.50 51.32 50.92 51.50 q
12 A Ivan Kukuličić  Montenegro 50.77 50.02 x 50.77 q
13 B Iason Thanopoulos  Greece 49.50 50.15 48.96 50.15
14 B Tom Reux  France 45.98 x 49.18 49.18
B Francisco Belo  Portugal DNS

Final – 29 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Apostolos Parellis  Cyprus 61.26 62.98 x 60.71 61.32 62.01 62.98
Kristjan Čeh  Slovenia x 60.37 60.02 61.52 62.03 x 62.03 PB
Hannes Kirchler  Italy 60.64 x 58.81 x x x 60.64
4 Giovanni Faloci  Italy x x 56.82 x x 60.16 60.16
5 Lois Maikel Martínez  Spain 56.20 55.02 56.83 58.48 57.31 58.61 58.61
6 Martin Marković  Croatia 56.47 58.18 x 55.74 56.08 57.83 58.18
7 Georgios Tremos  Greece 54.21 56.94 x 56.11 57.55 57.84 57.84
8 Jordan Guehaseim  France 56.37 56.94 56.85 53.91 56.95 x 56.95 SB
9 Tadej Hribar  Slovenia 55.80 55.24 54.13 55.80
10 Frank Casañas  Spain 55.00 x 55.73 55.73
11 Elbachir Mbarki  Morocco 50.99 54.50 52.68 54.50
12 Ivan Kukuličić  Montenegro 53.09 52.45 52.36 53.09

Javelin throw

Medallists at the javelin throw

30 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Nicolás Quijera  Spain 71.58 67.75 73.01 75.13 x x 75.13
Roberto Bertolini  Italy 70.80 73.58 x x 68.91 74.81 74.81
Dejan Mileusnić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 60.23 68.99 70.85 71.48 71.95 66.59 71.95
4 Emin Öncel  Turkey 70.06 70.90 70.64 71.85 x 71.38 71.85
5 Fatih Avan  Turkey 69.94 70.29 71.59 71.71 x 66.45 71.71
6 Lukas Moutarde  France 62.14 66.03 66.05 66.15 66.07 69.59 69.59
7 Maged Amer  Egypt 65.95 57.19 68.48 60.99 68.86 64.27 68.86
8 Odei Jainaga  Spain x 63.51 63.28 60.67 62.77 x 63.51
9 Victor Vernède  France x x 62.50 62.50

Women's results

100 metres

200 metres

400 metres

800 metres

1500 metres

30 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Rababe Arafi  Morocco 4:12.83
Malika Akkaoui  Morocco 4:13.31
Marta Pérez  Spain 4:15.66
4 Solange Pereira  Spain 4:15.97
5 Meryem Akda  Turkey 4:19.04
6 Élodie Normand  France 4:19.05
7 Amela Terzić  Serbia 4:19.13
8 Ophélie Claude-Boxberger  France 4:19.49
9 Natalia Evangelidou  Cyprus 4:21.23
10 Koraini Kyriakopoulou  Greece 4:26.15
11 Athina Koini  Greece 4:30.65
Luiza Gega  Albania DNS
Haifa Tarchoun  Tunisia DNS

5000 metres

29 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Kaoutar Farkoussi  Morocco 15:52.33 PB
Inês Monteiro  Portugal 15:54.78 SB
Ana Lozano  Spain 16:00.17
4 Liv Westphal  France 16:05.19
5 Soukaina Atanane  Morocco 16:12.80
6 Marie Bouchard  France 16:24.08
7 Anastasia Karakatsani  Greece 16:57.87 PB
8 Meropi Panagiotou  Cyprus 17:05.56

Half marathon

30 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Sara Dossena  Italy 1:13:48
Marta Galimany  Spain 1:15:16
Elena Loyo  Spain 1:16:20
4 Elvan Abeylegesse  Turkey 1:18:47
5 Chirine Njeim  Lebanon 1:19:08
6 Fadouwa Ledhem  France 1:19:53
7 Tubay Erdal  Turkey 1:20:58
8 Eleftheria Petroulaki  Greece 1:21:59
9 Lisa Marie Bezzina  Malta 1:24:35
Hajiba Hasnaoui  Morocco DNF
Büşra Nur Koku  Turkey DNF
Slađana Perunović  Montenegro DNF
Samira Mezeghrane-Saad  France DNF
Somaya Bousaid  Tunisia DNS

100 metres hurdles

400 metres hurdles

3000 metres steeplechase

28 June

Rank Name Nationality Time Notes
Luiza Gega  Albania 9:27.73
Habiba Ghribi  Tunisia 9:34.62
Maruša Mišmaš  Slovenia 9:35.57 SB
4 Irene Sánchez-Escribano  Spain 9:37.86 PB
5 Özlem Kaya  Turkey 9:39.43 SB
6 Fadwa Sidi Madane  Morocco 9:46.67
7 Rima Chenah  Algeria 9:53.24
8 Francesca Bertoni  Italy 9:56.21 SB
9 Oumaima Saoud  Morocco 9:57.66
10 Emma Oudiou  France 9:58.08
11 Teresa Urbina  Spain 10:06.26

4 × 100 metres relay

30 June

Rank Lane Nation Competitors Time Notes
5  France Orlann Ombissa-Dzangue, Jennifer Galais, Estelle Raffai, Carolle Zahi 43.29
6  Spain María Isabel Pérez, Estela García, Paula Sevilla, Cristina Lara 43.31 NR
3  Italy Gloria Hooper, Irene Siragusa, Anna Bongiorni, Johanelis Herrera Abreu 43.63
4 4  Cyprus Dimitra Kyriakidou, Olivia Fotopoulou, Filippa Fotopoulou, Eleni Artymata 44.72
5 7  Greece Kiriaki Samani, Grigoria Keramida, Rafailía Spanoudaki-Hatziriga, Ekaterini Sarri 45.11

4 × 400 metres relay

30 June

Rank Nation Competitors Time Notes
 Italy Maria Benedicta Chigbolu, Ayomide Folorunso, Raphaela Lukudo, Libania Grenot 3:28.08 GR
 France Amandine Brossier, Agnès Raharolahy, Cynthia Anaïs, Elea-Mariama Diarra 3:29.76
 Spain Laura Bueno, Herminia Parra, Carmen Sánchez, Aauri Bokesa 3:31.54
4  Morocco Assia Raziki, Malika Akkaoui, Khadija Ouardi, Rababe Arafi 3:33.91
5  Portugal Andreia Crespo, Cátia Azevedo, Filipa Martins, Rivinilda Mentai 3:34.21
 Cyprus DNS

Pole vault

28 June

Rank Name Nationality 3.71 3.91 4.01 4.11 4.21 4.31 4.36 4.41 4.46 4.51 4.56 Result Notes
Ninon Guillon-Romarin  France – – – – – – xo – xo – xxx 4.46
Tina Šutej  Slovenia – – – o xxo o o xo xx– x 4.41
Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou  Greece – – – – – o – xx– x 4.31
4 Mónica Clemente  Spain – o – o o xxx 4.21
5 Buse Arıkazan  Turkey – – xo – xxo – xxx 4.21
6 Dorra Mahfoudhi  Tunisia o o o o xxx 4.11
7 Marta Onofre  Portugal – – – xo xxx 4.11
7 Maria Leonor Tavares  Portugal – – o xo xxx 4.11
9 Demet Parlak  Turkey – – o – xxx 4.01
10 Maialen Axpe  Spain – xo o xxx 4.01
11 Maria Aristotelous  Cyprus o o xxo xx– 4.01
12 Dina Eltabaa  Egypt xo xxo xxx 3.91
Marion Lotout  France – – – – xxx NM

Long jump

27 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Ivana Španović  Serbia 7.04w 6.99 6.95 6.79 x – 7.04w GR
Juliet Itoya  Spain x 6.50w 6.68w 6.43 x 6.83w 6.83w
Fatima Diame  Spain 6.53 x 6.68 x x x 6.68 PB
4 Nektaria Panayi  Cyprus 6.47 6.39w 6.30 6.41 6.56 6.61 6.61
5 Evelise Veiga  Portugal 6.25w 6.55 6.54 6.20 x 6.61 6.61 PB
6 Laura Strati  Italy x 6.51 x 5.00 x x 6.51
7 Karin Melis Mey  Turkey 6.26 6.44 6.33 6.40 6.08 6.23 6.44
8 Chaido Alexouli  Greece 6.08 6.30w x 6.39 x 6.17 6.39
9 Rougui Sow  France x 6.29 6.29 6.29
10 Tania Vicenzino  Italy 6.25 6.28 5.94 6.28
11 Yanis Esmeralda David  France 6.26w x 6.24 6.26w
12 Filippa Fotopoulou  Cyprus x 5.86w 5.78 5.86w

Triple jump

29 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Yanis Esmeralda David  France 13.38 14.14 13.93 14.15 14.09 13.91 14.15 PB
Ottavia Cestonaro  Italy 13.69 x x 13.60 13.90 14.05 14.05 PB
Fatima Diame  Spain x 13.32 13.92 x x x 13.92
4 Patricia Sarrapio  Spain 13.45 13.85 x x 13.63 13.82 13.85
5 Susana Costa  Portugal 13.81 13.69 13.75 x 13.58 13.81 13.81 SB
6 Patrícia Mamona  Portugal 13.55 x 13.79 x 13.55 13.76 13.79 SB
7 Marie-Josée Ebwea Bile  France 13.42 13.49 x x 13.36 x 13.49
8 Dariya Derkach  Italy 13.21 x x 13.16 13.39 13.02 13.39
9 Kristina Alvertsian  Greece x x 12.69 12.69

Discus throw

28 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Sandra Perković  Croatia 66.46 x x x x x 66.46 GR
Liliana Cá  Portugal x 58.08 60.05 59.31 x x 60.05
Chrysoula Anagnostopoulou  Greece 55.45 57.24 58.85 58.53 57.22 58.45 58.85
4 Irina Rodrigues  Portugal 54.72 54.77 57.71 x 55.62 x 57.71
5 Sabina Asenjo  Spain 51.64 56.12 56.43 56.09 57.41 x 57.41 SB
6 Valentina Aniballi  Italy 56.10 56.10 57.15 55.93 55.65 56.87 57.15
7 Veronika Domjan  Slovenia 55.04 56.26 55.40 x x x 56.26
8 Kristina Rakočević  Montenegro 47.77 56.20 53.08 56.07 x 54.95 56.20 SB
9 Melanie Pingeon  France 53.50 x 53.80 53.80
10 Irène Donzelot  France 48.75 50.18 52.82 52.82
11 Daisy Osakue  Italy x 51.49 x 51.49
12 Androniki Lada  Cyprus 50.46 x 48.97 50.46
13 Amira Sayed  Egypt 47.92 45.34 49.17 49.17

Hammer throw

28 June

Rank Name Nationality #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Result Notes
Alexandra Tavernier  France 73.67 x x x x x 73.67 GR
Kıvılcım Kaya Salman  Turkey 70.83 71.07 70.12 69.68 69.76 x 71.07
Camille Sainte-Luce  France 66.72 68.93 64.47 66.36 66.06 69.60 69.60
4 Berta Castells  Spain 67.53 x 64.60 x 65.24 66.17 67.53
5 Laura Redondo  Spain 63.89 60.65 63.06 x 60.52 62.10 63.89
6 Tuğçe Şahutoğlu  Turkey 61.18 x x 63.58 x 63.39 63.58
7 Soukaina Zakkour  Morocco x 60.22 x 60.47 60.78 58.05 60.78
8 Ekaterini Vamvoukaki  Greece 57.81 60.62 59.81 x 59.02 x 60.62
9 Chrystalla Kyriakou  Cyprus x 56.80 58.82 58.82

References

  1. ^ "Full results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2018-07-04.
  2. ^ a b False start
  3. ^ Competing without bona fide effort
  4. ^ a b Taking refreshment out of official station / taking refreshment of another athlete
  5. ^ Provision of advice or other support by an official of the competition
  6. ^ Shortening the distance to be covered
  7. ^ "Men's shot put final results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  8. ^ Wind-legal 6.99 metres is the new record
  9. ^ "Women's Hammer Throw Final Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2018-07-08.