Butterfly curve (transcendental)

The butterfly curve is a transcendental plane curve discovered by Temple H. Fay of University of Southern Mississippi in 1989.

The curve is given by the following parametric equations:

${\displaystyle x=\sin t\!\left(e^{\cos t}-2\cos 4t-\sin ^{5}\!{\Big (}{t \over 12}{\Big )}\right)}$

${\displaystyle y=\cos t\!\left(e^{\cos t}-2\cos 4t-\sin ^{5}\!{\Big (}{t \over 12}{\Big )}\right)}$

${\displaystyle 0\leq t\leq 12\pi }$

or by the following polar equation:

${\displaystyle r=e^{\sin \theta }-2\cos \left(4\theta \right)+\sin ^{5}\left({\frac {2\theta -\pi }{24}}\right)}$

The sin term has been added for purely aesthetic reasons, to make the butterfly appear fuller and more pleasing to the eye.

In 2006, two mathematicians using Mathematica analyzed the function, and found variants where leaves, flowers or other insects became apparent.

• Butterfly curve (algebraic)

• Butterfly Curve plotted in WolframAlpha