C/1785 A1 (Messier–Méchain)

C/1785 A1 (Messier–Méchain)
Discovery
Discovered byCharles Messier
Pierre Méchain
Discovery siteParis, France
Discovery date7 January 1785
Designations
1785 I
Orbital characteristics
Epoch27 January 1785 (JD 2373045.325)
Observation arc32 days
Number of
observations		9
Perihelion1.143 AU
Eccentricity~1.000
Inclination70.238°
267.21°
Argument of
periapsis		205.63°
Last perihelion27 January 1785
Physical characteristics
7.5
(1785 apparition)

Comet Messier–Méchain, also known as C/1785 A1 from its modern nomenclature, is a faint parabolic comet that was observed several times by French astronomers, Charles Messier and Pierre Méchain, in January 1785.

Discovery and observations

Charles Messier discovered this comet using a small refractor following an observation of Uranus on the night of 7 January 1785. Approximately 40 minutes later, Pierre Méchain also discovered the same comet from the Paris Observatory. At the time, the comet was located within the constellation Cetus.

Messier described the comet as a faint object surrounded by a "central condensation" around it, where he also noted that it became brighter on 9 January than it was two days earlier, but it never became visible to the naked eye. He continued to observe the comet until 17 January 1785, when it was no longer visible near the star ε Cet.

Orbit

The only known orbital calculations of the comet were written by Méchain in 1788, where he determined a parabolic trajectory that indicated the comet had reached perihelion on 27 January, while making its closest approach to Earth a day later at a distance of 0.417 AU (62.4 million km)

In 2012, Maik Meyer noted that the preliminary orbital calculations for the comet C/2012 L2 (LINEAR) were strikingly similar to that of Messier–Méchain, however he concluded that this is only a coincidence rather than a return of C/1785 A1 itself.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Reported initial positions upon discovery were: α = 2h 09m 14.5s, δ = 4° 16′ 32″ (Messier) and α = 2h 09m 14.9s, δ = 4° 15′ 42″ (Méchain) respectively.

Citations

  1. ^ a b C. Messier (1811). "Notice de mes Comètes, 1758–1808" [Notes on my Comets, 1758–1808]. messier.seds.org. Translated by H. Frommert. Paris Observatory. C2-19. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  2. ^ "Comet Names and Designations". International Comet Quarterly. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  3. ^ "C/1785 A1 – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e G. W. Kronk; M. Meyer; D. A. J. Seargent (1999). Cometography: A Catalog of Comets. Vol. 1: Ancient–1799. Cambridge University Press. pp. 479–480. ISBN 978-0-521-58504-0.
  5. ^ C. Messier (1788). "Mémoire: La première Comète observée en Janvier 1785" [Memory: The first Comet observed in January 1785]. Histoire de l'Académie (Royale) des sciences, Paris (in French).
  6. ^ M. Meyer (6 June 2012). "Another one ;) C/1785 A1 and C/2012 L2". Groups.io. Retrieved 31 December 2024.

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