| Hippotherium Temporal range: Middle to Late Miocene
| |
|---|---|
| Skeleton of Hippotherium primigenium, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Equidae |
| Subfamily: | Equinae |
| Tribe: | †Hipparionini |
| Genus: | †Hippotherium Kaup, 1832 |
| Species | |
| |
Hippotherium is an extinct genus of horse that lived in during the Miocene through Pliocene ~13.65—6.7 Mya, existing for 6.95 million years.
The last known surviving Hippotherium was H. malpassii, found in Italy.
Species
The type species, H. primigenium, is known from Miocene deposits in Europe (e.g., the Hegau region in southern Germany) and the Middle East, while the species H. koenigswaldi and H. catalaunicum have been found in Miocene deposits in Spain.[citation needed] The Asian hipparionin "Hipparion" weihoense from early Late Miocene deposits in northern China has also been referred to the genus.
Diet
H. primigenium was a generalist feeder which frequently browsed but could also exploit grasses.
Fossil distribution
- Doue-la-Fontaine France estimated age: ~13.65—7.25 Mya.
- Lower Bakhtiari Formation, northern Iraq, estimated age: ~11.6—9.0 Mya.
- Kurtchuk-Tchekmedje, Turkey estimated age: ~11.61—5.33 Mya.
References
- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Kaya, Ferhat; Kaakinen, Anu; Saarinen, Juha; Fortelius, Mikael (2021). "Old world hipparion evolution, biogeography, climatology and ecology". Earth-Science Reviews. 221. Bibcode:2021ESRv..22103784B. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103784. hdl:10138/335765. S2CID 239657555.
- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Tobien, Heinz; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.; Mittmann, Hans-Walter (1997). "Hippotherium primigenium (Equidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Höwenegg (Hegau, Germany)". Andrias. 10: 1–230.
- ^ Bernor, Raymond L.; Wang, Shiqi; Liu, Yan; Chen, Yu; Sun, Boyang (2018). "Shanxihippus dermatorhinus comb. nov. with comparisons to old world hipparions with specialized nasal apparati". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 124 (2): 361–386. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/10202.
- ^ Tütken, Thomas; Kaiser, Thomas M.; Vennemann, Torsten; Merceron, Gildas (11 September 2013). Ungar, Peter Stuart (ed.). "Opportunistic Feeding Strategy for the Earliest Old World Hypsodont Equids: Evidence from Stable Isotope and Dental Wear Proxies". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e74463. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...874463T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074463. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3770545. PMID 24040254.
