List of emballonurids

Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata)

Emballonuridae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. Members of this family are called emballonurids, and include sheath-tailed bats, sac-winged bats, and tomb bats. They are found in all continents besides Europe and Antarctica, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in shrublands, savannas, rocky areas, or deserts. They range in size from the Amazonian sac-winged bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Pel's pouched bat, at 14 cm (6 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, emballonurids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) to 10 cm (4 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders, and occasionally fruit. Almost no emballonurid have population estimates, though three species—the Pacific sheath-tailed bat, Antioquian sac-winged bat, and Hildegarde's tomb bat—are categorized as endangered species, and one species—the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat—is categorized as critically endangered with a population as low as 50.

The 54 extant species of Emballonuridae are divided between two subfamilies: Emballonurinae and Taphozoinae. Emballonurinae contains 36 species in 12 genera, and Taphozoinae contains 18 species in 2 genera. A few extinct prehistoric emballonurid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (3 species)
 VU Vulnerable (3 species)
 NT Near threatened (2 species)
 LC Least concern (38 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (7 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the emballonurid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

The family Emballonuridae consists of two subfamilies: Emballonurinae, containing 36 species divided into 12 genera, and Taphozoinae, which contains 18 species in 2 genera.

Family Emballonuridae

Emballonurids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

Subfamily Emballonurinae

Genus Balantiopteryx Peters, 1867 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ecuadorian sac-winged bat


B. infusca
(Thomas, 1897)
Colombia and Ecuador
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 VU 


Unknown

Gray sac-winged bat

B. plicata
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • B. p. pallida
  • B. p. plicata
Mexico and Central America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and shrubland
 LC 


Unknown

Thomas's sac-winged bat

B. io
Thomas, 1904
Mexico and Central America
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Caves and forest
 VU 


Unknown

Genus Centronycteris Gray, 1838 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Shaggy bat

C. maximiliani
J. B. Fischer, 1829
Northern and eastern South America
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Thomas's shaggy bat

C. centralis
Thomas, 1912
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Coleura Peters, 1867 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
African sheath-tailed bat

C. afra
(Peters, 1852)
Scattered Sub-Saharan Africa
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Desert, caves, shrubland, savanna, and forest
 LC 


Unknown

Madagascar sheath-tailed bat


C. kibomalandy
Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012
Madagascar Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 DD 


Unknown

Seychelles sheath-tailed bat

C. seychellensis
(Peters, 1868)

Two subspecies
  • C. s. seychellensis
  • C. s. silhouettae
Seychelles
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus unknown tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves
 CR 


50–100

Genus Cormura Peters, 1867 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Chestnut sac-winged bat

C. brevirostris
(Wagner, 1843)
Central America and northern South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Cyttarops Thomas, 1913 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Short-eared bat


C. alecto
Thomas, 1913
Central America and northern South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Diclidurus Wied-Neuwied, 1820 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater ghost bat


D. ingens
Hernandez-Camacho, 1955
Northern South America
Size: About 8 cm (3 in), plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 DD 


Unknown

Isabelle's ghost bat


D. isabellus
Thomas, 1920
Northern South America
Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
about 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Lesser ghost bat


D. scutatus
Peters, 1869
Northern South America
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Northern ghost bat

D. albus
Wied-Neuwied, 1820

Two subspecies
  • D. a. albus
  • D. a. virgo
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–8 cm (0.4–3.1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Emballonura Temminck, 1838 – eight species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Beccari's sheath-tailed bat


E. beccarii
Peters & Doria, 1881

Three subspecies
  • E. b. beccarii
  • E. b. clavium
  • E. b. meeki
Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Greater sheath-tailed bat


E. furax
Thomas, 1911
Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Large-eared sheath-tailed bat


E. dianae
Hill, 1956

Three subspecies
  • E. d. dianae
  • E. d. fruhstorferi
  • E. d. rickwoodi
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Lesser sheath-tailed bat

E. monticola
Temminck, 1838
Southeastern Asia
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Pacific sheath-tailed bat

E. semicaudata
Peale, 1848

Four subspecies
  • E. s. palauensis
  • E. s. rotensis
  • E. s. semicaudata
  • E. s. sulcata
Polynesia and Micronesia
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus unknown tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves
 EN 


Unknown

Raffray's sheath-tailed bat

E. raffrayana
Dobson, 1879

Three subspecies
  • E. r. cor
  • E. r. raffrayana
  • E. r. stresemanni
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Caves and forest
 LC 


Unknown

Seri's sheath-tailed bat


E. serii
Flannery, 1994
Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 VU 


Unknown

Small Asian sheath-tailed bat


E. alecto
(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)

Four subspecies
  • E. a. alecto
  • E. a. anambensis
  • E. a. palawanensis
  • E. a. rivalis
Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Mosia Gray, 1843 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dark sheath-tailed bat

M. nigrescens
Gray, 1843

Three subspecies
  • M. n. nigrescens
  • M. n. papuana
  • M. n. solomonis
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Paremballonura Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Peters's sheath-tailed bat

P. atrata
Peters, 1874
Eastern Madagascar
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Western sheath-tailed bat


P. tiavato
(Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell, & Yoder, 2006)
Western Madagascar
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Peropteryx Peters, 1867 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater dog-like bat

P. kappleri
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • P. k. intermedia
  • P. k. kappleri
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Lesser dog-like bat

P. macrotis
Wagner, 1843
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and shrubland
 LC 


Unknown

Pale-winged dog-like bat

P. pallidoptera
Lim, Engstrom, Reid, Simmons, Voss, & Fleck, 2010
Northwestern South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 DD 


Unknown

Trinidad dog-like bat

P. trinitatis
Miller, 1899

Two subspecies
  • P. t. phaea
  • P. t. trinitatis
Northeastern South America
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 DD 


Unknown

White-winged dog-like bat


P. leucoptera
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • P. l. cyclops
  • P. l. leucoptera
Northern South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Rhynchonycteris Peters, 1867 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Proboscis bat

R. naso
(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Saccopteryx Illiger, 1811 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian sac-winged bat


S. gymnura
Thomas, 1901
Northern South America
Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 DD 


Unknown

Antioquian sac-winged bat


S. antioquensis
Muñoz & Cuartas, 2001
Colombia
Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 EN 


Unknown

Frosted sac-winged bat

S. canescens
Thomas, 1901

Two subspecies
  • S. c. canescens
  • S. c. pumila
Northern South America
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Greater sac-winged bat

S. bilineata
(Temminck, 1838)
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Lesser sac-winged bat

S. leptura
Schreber, 1774
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Subfamily Taphozoinae

Genus Saccolaimus Temminck, 1838 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Naked-rumped pouched bat

S. saccolaimus
Temminck, 1838

Five subspecies
  • S. s. affinis
  • S. s. crassus
  • S. s. nudicluniatus
  • S. s. pluto
  • S. s. saccolaimus
Southern and southeastern Asia and northern Australia
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Papuan sheath-tailed bat


S. mixtus
Troughton, 1925
Southern New Guinea and northern Australia
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves
 NT 


Unknown

Pel's pouched bat

S. peli
Temminck, 1853
Western and central Africa
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
8–10 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest
 LC 


Unknown

Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat

S. flaviventris
Peters, 1867
Australia and Papua New Guinea
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland
 LC 


Unknown

Genus Taphozous Geoffroy, 1818 – fourteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Arnhem sheath-tailed bat


T. kapalgensis
McKean & Friend, 1979
Northwestern Australia
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland
 LC 


Unknown

Black-bearded tomb bat

T. melanopogon
Temminck, 1841

Five subspecies
  • T. m. bicolor
  • T. m. cavaticus
  • T. m. fretensis
  • T. m. melanopogon
  • T. m. phillipinensis
Southern and southeastern Asia
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Coastal sheath-tailed bat

T. australis
Gould, 1854
Northern Australia
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, caves, and coastal marine
 NT 


9,000–10,000

Common sheath-tailed bat


T. georgianus
Thomas, 1915
Northern and northwestern Australia
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Egyptian tomb bat

T. perforatus
Geoffroy, 1818

Four subspecies
  • T. p. haedinus
  • T. p. perforatus
  • T. p. senegalensis
  • T. p. sudani
Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna and inland wetlands
 LC 


Unknown

Hamilton's tomb bat


T. hamiltoni
Thomas, 1920
Central Africa
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna and unknown
 DD 


Unknown

Hildegarde's tomb bat


T. hildegardeae
Thomas, 1909
Kenya and Tanzania
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 EN 


Unknown

Hill's sheath-tailed bat


T. hilli
Kitchener, 1980
Australia
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert
 LC 


Unknown

Indonesian tomb bat


T. achates
Thomas, 1915

Two subspecies
  • T. a. achates
  • T. a. minor
Indonesia
Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 DD 


Unknown

Long-winged tomb bat

T. longimanus
Hardwicke, 1825

Four subspecies
  • T. l. albipinnis
  • T. l. kampenii
  • T. l. leucopleurus
  • T. l. longimanus
Southern and southeastern Asia
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Mauritian tomb bat

T. mauritianus
Geoffroy, 1818
Sub-Saharan Africa
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas
 LC 


Unknown

Naked-rumped tomb bat

T. nudiventris
Cretzschmar, 1830

Five subspecies
  • T. n. kachhensis
  • T. n. magnus
  • T. n. nudaster
  • T. n. nudiventris
  • T. n. zayidi
Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, caves, and desert
 LC 


Unknown

Theobald's tomb bat

T. theobaldi
Dobson, 1872

Two subspecies
  • T. t. secatus
  • T. t. theobaldi
Southern and southeastern Asia
Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Forest and caves
 LC 


Unknown

Troughton's sheath-tailed bat


T. troughtoni
Tate, 1952
Northeastern Australia
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) arm/wing length

Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves
 LC 


Unknown

References

  1. ^ Nowak, pp. 87–88
  2. ^ "PBDB Taxon: Emballonuridae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Archived from the original on December 17, 2024. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  3. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 381–390
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 486–487
  5. ^ a b Tirira, D. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Balantiopteryx infusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2531A97206692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2531A22029804.en.
  6. ^ a b Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Balantiopteryx plicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2533A22029659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2533A22029659.en.
  7. ^ a b Lim, B. (2015). "Balantiopteryx io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T2532A22030080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 488
  9. ^ a b Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Centronycteris maximiliani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4112A22002444. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4112A22002444.en.
  10. ^ a b Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2015). "Centronycteris centralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136350A22023809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136350A22023809.en.
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  48. ^ a b Phelps, K.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Helgen, K.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Balete, D. S.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous melanopogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21461A22110277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21461A22110277.en.
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  51. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Molur, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Kock, D.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2020) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Taphozous perforatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21463A166505490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T21463A166505490.en.
  52. ^ a b Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W. (2019). "Taphozous hamiltoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21455A22111838. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21455A22111838.en.
  53. ^ a b Webala, P.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Musila, S. (2020). "Taphozous hildegardeae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21456A22111960. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T21456A22111960.en.
  54. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Taphozous hilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21457A209524440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21457A209524440.en.
  55. ^ a b Hutson, A. M.; Schlitter, D.; Kingston, T. (2016). "Taphozous achates". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21453A22111549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T21453A22111549.en.
  56. ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous longimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21459A22111355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21459A22111355.en.
  57. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Mickleburgh, S.; Racey, P. A.; Hutson, A. M.; Ravino, J.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Taphozous mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21460A22111004. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21460A22111004.en.
  58. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Racey, P. A.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Fahr, J.; Palmeirim, J.; Benda, P.; Bates, P.; Aulagnier, S.; Bergmans, W.; Hutson, A. M.; Kock, D. (2017). "Taphozous nudiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21462A22109884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21462A22109884.en.
  59. ^ a b Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Walston, J. (2019). "Taphozous theobaldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21465A22109663. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21465A22109663.en.
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Sources