Maleng language

Maleng
Maleng
Pakatan
Bo
Native to	Laos, Vietnam
Native speakers	(3,700 cited 2000–2007)
Language family	Austroasiatic Vietic Chutic Maleng; ; ;
Dialects	Atel; Thémarou; Arao; Makang; Malang; Maleng; Tơe;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; pkt – Pakatan; bgl – Bo
Glottolog	male1282 Maleng; bola1249 Bo-Maleng
ELP	Maleng

Maleng (autonym: /malɛ̤ŋ²/), also known as Pakatan and Bo, is a Vietic language of Laos and Vietnam.

Maleng has the four-way register system of Thavung augmented with pitch.

Malieng, despite having the same name as Maleng, is a dialect of Chut (Chamberlain 2003, Sidwell 2009).

Varieties

Maleng consists of three dialect clusters:

Maleng (Mã Liềng); Kha Pakatan; Malang; Arem/Harème (Rivière 1902). Sub-varieties include Kha Muong Ben and Kha Bo (Fraisse 1950).
Ma Lieng, also known as Pa Leng (Đặng Nghiêm Vạn et al. 1986)
Kha Phong (formerly an exonym, but now also used as an autonym); Maleng Kari; Maleng Bro. Also known as Kha Nam Om (Fraisse 1949). The Kha Phong live in 2 to 3 villages in Laos, and in one village in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam. Strongly influenced by Lao. Maleng Bro was documented by Michel Ferlus in 1992 (see Ferlus 1997), and also by the 2012-2013 Russian-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition.

Maleng is spoken in the following villages of Laos and Vietnam.

Khammouane province, Laos
- Nậm Huay
- Pung Kợt
- Song Khon
- Upper Nrong River
- Xang Huay E An
Quảng Bình province (500+ people) and Hà Tĩnh province (in Hương Khê district; 133 people in 2012), Vietnam
- Hương Lâm
- Hương Liên
- Lâm Hóa

^ Pakatan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b ^c Babaev, Kirill; Samarina, Irina (2021). Sidwell, Paul (ed.). A Grammar of May: An Austroasiatic Language of Vietnam. Brill. p. 12. ISBN 978-9-00446-108-6.
^ Sidwell, Paul. Vietic languages. Mon-Khmer Languages Project.
^ Rivière, Capitaine M. 1902. Vocabulaires Hang-Tcheh, Khas Xos, Harème. Mission Pavie, Géographie et voyages. IV. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
^ Fraisse, André. 1950. Les tribus Sèk et Kha de la province de Cammon (Laos). Bulletin de la Société des études indochinoises 25.3:333–348.
^ Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, Chu Thái Sơn, Lưu Hùng. 1986. Les ethnies minoritaires du Vietnam. Hanoi: Editions en langues étrangères.
^ Fraisse, André. 1949. Une civilisation de clairière au Laos: le Cammon. Annales de Géographie 58.310:158–161.
^ Ferlus, Michel. 1997. Le maleng brô et le vietnamien. Mon-Khmer Studies 27:55–66.
^ Babaev, Kirill Vladimirovich [Бабаев, Кирилл Владимирович]; Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2019. Язык май. Материалы Российско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции / Jazyk maj. Materialy Rossijsko-vetnamskoj lingvisticheskoj ekspeditsii. Moscow: Издательский Дом ЯСК. ISBN 978-5-907117-34-1. (in Russian). p.16.