In the 16th and 17th centuries, two basic types of residential buildings developed in the Podlachia region. In the south and west of the Podlachia region, the dominant type was the one with a layout of rooms arranged around a centrally located stove with a chamber chimney. The residential building was separate from the other buildings on the farmstead. The second type, prevalent in the east and north, had a single- or one-and-a-half-bay layout of rooms, and the residential and utility parts were under a common roof.
History
In the 16th century, as a result of the introduction of the Volok Reform, villages with a terrace layout appeared, in which all the farmsteads had the same layout, and the cottages were facing the street with their gables.
The appearance of the house depended on the wealth of the owner. The smallest and poorest were the cottages of serfs. The houses were built on a rectangular plan, and composed of alternating beams arranged and interlocking in the corners. The lowest beam of the cottage, called the foundation, rested on stones set under the corners. These cottages had no chimneys and were entirely covered with thatch. Thatched roofs were characteristic of almost all rural buildings, regardless of the wealth of the owner. Even during the interwar period, roofs covered with tiles were rare.
A serf's cottage usually consisted of only one room, a chamber and a hall. The interior of the room was whitewashed with lime. The chamber was a kind of warehouse, where food was kept. Cottages of moderately wealthy and wealthy farmers were also made of wood, but they had more living rooms. There could be three (trojak), less often – four (czworak), very rarely – five. Trojaks consisted of a large room, an alcove, a chamber and a hall. According to Marian Pokropek, this type of building was known at least since the 16th-17th century. In addition, there was a double house, which had a double layout of rooms compared to the triple house. The double house had a porch, considered a characteristic feature of the construction of the minor nobility. In the 19th century, all houses were covered with a hipped roof. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was replaced with a gable roof.
After the abolition of serfdom in Poland in 1861, there was an increase in wealth, and with it the size and appearance of the house changed.
After World War I, a fashion for decorating houses appeared.
See also
References
- ^ a b Artur Gaweł & Mirosław Stepaniuk (2007). Zdobnictwo drewnianych domów na Białostocczyźnie. Białystok. p. 13. ISBN 978-83-89396-47-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Kresa, Monika. "Kultura ludowa regionu". dialektologia.uw.edu.pl.
- ^ Jarosław Szewczyk (2007). "Dyskurs o ewolucji podlaskiego budownictwa ludowego". Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej: 127–128. ISSN 1731-0776.
- ^ Jarosław Szewczyk (2008). "Przemiany Krajobrazu na Białostocczyźnie" (PDF). Zarządzanie Krajobrazem Kulturowym. Sosnowiec: 261.