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Major Research Traditions
Early Work
Most of the early work in cross-cultural psychology involved demonstrating that cultural differences really do matter. Much pioneering work in cross-cultural psychiatry was done to investigate how clinical depression manifests itself in different cultures. Counseling members of other cultures (for Americans) also produced some ground-breaking work. Social psychologists made additional contributions, such as Bond and Smith's book "The Cross-Cultural Challenge to Social Psychogy. The concept of culture shock became current, and authors such as Richard Brislin did work on the practical aspects of dealing with it, including creating the "culture ?" .
Geert Hofstede and the Dimensions of Culture
The first wave of research was set off by Geert Hofstede's work at IBM on the dimensions of culture, and that research topic continues to be pursued.
A group of researchers at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, calling themselves the Chinese Culture Connection, decided to test this process by developing an emic measure using Chinese language to develop a scale.
Indigenous Psychology
Personality and Its Measurement
Most early studies used measures imported directly from the US and translated without much thought to cultural compatibility. The MMPI was one such favorite, being translated into ? languages and widely given, notably in China in an adaptation by Fanny Cheung. Another favorite has been McCrae's Five-Factor Model.
The FFM was constructed using lexical techniques on American English, and was thus obviously etic.. CPAI, in an obvious parallel to the project of the Chinese Culture Connection
References
External links